Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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According to the kinetic-molecular theory, gases condense into liquids because
of
a. | gravity. | c. | forces between molecules. | b. | atmospheric
pressure. | d. | elastic
collisions. |
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2.
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The kinetic-molecular theory explains the behavior of
a. | gases only. | c. | liquids and gases only. | b. | solids and liquids
only. | d. | solids, liquids, and
gases. |
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3.
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Unlike in an ideal gas, in a real gas
a. | all particles move in the same direction. | b. | all particles have
the same kinetic energy. | c. | the particles cannot
diffuse. | d. | the particles exert attractive forces on each other. |
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4.
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A real gas
a. | does not obey all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular
theory. | b. | consists of particles that do not occupy space. | c. | cannot be
condensed. | d. | cannot be produced in scientific laboratories. |
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5.
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Two gases have the same temperature but different pressures. The
kinetic-molecular theory does not predict that
a. | molecules in both gases have the same average kinetic energies. | b. | molecules in the
low-pressure gas travel farther before they collide with other molecules. | c. | both gases have the
same densities. | d. | all collisions of the molecules are elastic. |
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6.
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According to the kinetic-molecular theory, which is the most significant
difference between gases and liquids?
a. | the shapes of the particles | b. | the mass of each particle | c. | the distance between
the particles | d. | the type of collision that occurs between particles |
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7.
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Which is an example of gas diffusion?
a. | inflating a flat tire | b. | the odor of perfume spreading throughout a
room | c. | a cylinder of oxygen stored under high pressure | d. | All of the
above |
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8.
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If a gas with an odor is released in a room, it quickly can be detected across
the room because it
a. | diffuses. | c. | is compressed. | b. | is dense. | d. | condenses. |
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9.
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What happens to the volume of a gas during compression?
a. | The volume increases. | b. | The volume decreases. | c. | The volume remains
constant. | d. | It is impossible to tell because all gases are
different. |
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10.
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The particles in both gases and liquids
a. | consist only of atoms. | b. | can change positions with other
particles. | c. | can only vibrate in fixed positions. | d. | are packed closely
together. |
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11.
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The compressibility of a liquid is generally
a. | less than that of a gas. | c. | equal to that of a
gas. | b. | more than that of a gas. | d. | zero. |
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12.
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A solid forms when the average energy of a substance's particles
a. | increases. | c. | decreases then increases. | b. | decreases. | d. | creates a random arrangement. |
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13.
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Which of these can happen due to decreasing the average energy of a
liquid's particles?
a. | vaporization | c. | a random arrangement | b. | evaporation | d. | freezing |
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14.
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Which of the following properties do solids share with liquids?
a. | fluidity | c. | definite volume | b. | definite shape | d. | slow rate of
diffusion |
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15.
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Which substance's solid state consists of covalent molecular
crystals?
a. | salt | c. | sodium | b. | water | d. | diamond |
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16.
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Which of the following statements about ionic crystals is not
correct?
a. | Their structure consists of positive and negative ions arranged in a regular
pattern. | b. | The strong binding forces between the positive and negative ions in their structure
give them certain properties. | c. | Their ions can be monatomic or
polyatomic. | d. | They consist of molecules held together by intermolecular
forces. |
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17.
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If the temperature and surface area of a liquid remain constant,
a. | the liquid is not in equilibrium with its vapor. | b. | no further
evaporation occurs. | c. | the rate of evaporation remains
constant. | d. | the rate of condensation is greater than the rate of
evaporation. |
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18.
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If the temperature of a liquid-vapor system at equilibrium increases, the new
equilibrium condition will
a. | have a lower concentration of vapor. | b. | have an increased vapor
pressure. | c. | not have equal rates of condensation and evaporation. | d. | be larger in
volume. |
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19.
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Above the critical temperature, a substance
a. | does not have a vapor pressure. | c. | cannot exist in the liquid
state. | b. | sublimes. | d. | is explosive. |
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20.
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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is
a. | the same for all liquids. | b. | measured only at 0°C. | c. | constant for a particular liquid at all
temperatures. | d. | the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given
temperature. |
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21.
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At a given temperature, different liquids will have different equilibrium vapor
pressures because
a. | the energy of the particles is the same for different liquids. | b. | diffusion rates
differ for the liquids. | c. | the attractive forces between the particles
differ among liquids. | d. | they cannot all be in equilibrium at
once. |
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22.
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Whenever a liquid changes to a vapor, it
a. | absorbs energy from its surroundings. | c. | is boiling. | b. | is in equilibrium
with its vapor. | d. | is
condensing. |
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23.
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During the process of freezing, a liquid
a. | loses kinetic energy. | c. | gains potential energy. | b. | loses potential
energy. | d. | gains kinetic
energy. |
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24.
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How does the molar enthalpy of fusion of ice compare with the molar enthalpy of
fusion of other solids?
a. | It is about the same. | b. | It is relatively small. | c. | It is relatively
large. | d. | It is about the same as that of colorless solids. |
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25.
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Why doesn't water in lakes and ponds of temperate climates freeze solid
during the winter and kill nearly all the living things it contains?
a. | Water is colorless. | b. | Ice floats. | c. | The molar enthalpy
of fusion of ice is relatively low. | d. | Water contracts as it
freezes. |
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