Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Cells use ____ for energy storage and insulation.
a. | proteins | c. | lipids | b. | carbohydrates | d. | enzymes |
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2.
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A protein that facilitates chemical reactions is called a(n) ____.
a. | enzyme | c. | lipid | b. | amino acid | d. | nucleic acid |
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3.
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Cells build macromolecules from many small molecules. This chain of small
molecules is called a(n)____.
a. | enzyme | c. | polymer | b. | nucleic acid | d. | isomer |
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4.
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Cells rely on ____ to store and release energy.
a. | lipids | c. | carbohydrates | b. | proteins | d. | glycerol |
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5.
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Starch and cellulose are both polymers of ____.
a. | sucrose | c. | glycogen | b. | glucose | d. | fructose |
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6.
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The formula C57 H110 O6 is an example of a
____.
a. | lipid | c. | nucleic acid | b. | carbohydrate | d. | protein |
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7.
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A macromolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code is a(n)
____.
a. | nucleic acid | c. | carbohydrate | b. | enzyme | d. | lipid |
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8.
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RNA and DNA are examples of ____.
a. | amino acids | c. | carbohydrates | b. | lipids | d. | nucleic acids |
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9.
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Chromosomes are produced in what part of a eukaryotic cell?
a. | cell wall | c. | ribosomes | b. | nucleus | d. | vacuole |
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10.
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Which organelle shown in the diagram below provides energy for the cell by
performing aerobic respiration? 
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11.
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Vesicles formed in Golgi bodies are called ____.
a. | mitochondria | c. | ribosomes | b. | lysosomes | d. | chromatin |
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12.
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Which of the following is NOT associated with eukaryotes?
a. | nucleus | c. | capsule | b. | organelles | d. | multicellular |
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13.
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The substance drawn below is produced in what part of a eukaryotic cell?  a. | cell wall | c. | ribosomes | b. | nucleus | d. | vacuoles |
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14.
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The membrane-bound structures that are found in eukaryotic cells are called
____.
a. | organs | c. | organelles | b. | cytoplasm | d. | Golgi apparati |
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15.
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A piece of celery is placed in a bowl of icy-cold water. Which of the following
best describes what happens to the cells of the celery?
a. | They shrivel. | b. | Water moves out of the cells by
osmosis. | c. | The water vacuoles fill with water and the cells plump up. | d. | Water moves out of
the cells by active transport and then dynamic equilibrium is
reached. |
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16.
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In the diagram below, the concentration of ions and molecules outside the cell
is MOST likely ____.  a. | twice as high as the concentration of ions and molecules inside the
cell | b. | the same as the concentration of ions and molecules inside the
cell | c. | lower than the concentration of ions and molecules inside the
cell | d. | composed of a different variety of ions and molecules than is inside the
cell |
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17.
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If a cell contains a 10% concentration of salt and is surrounded by water that
also contains a 10% concentration of salt, which of the following will occur?
a. | Water will leave the cell only. | c. | Water will enter and leave the
cell. | b. | Water will enter the cell only. | d. | The cell will
die. |
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18.
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A drop of blood is placed in a concentrated saltwater solution. The thousands of
red blood cells in the drop of blood will most likely die as a result of ____.
a. | water entering the cells, causing them to swell and burst | b. | water leaving the
cells, causing them to shrink and shrivel | c. | salt molecules entering the cells and binding
with oxygen | d. | the white blood cells attacking the invading salt
molecules |
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19.
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Active transport of materials through a membrane against a concentration
gradient requires ____.
a. | a carrier protein and energy | c. | an isotonic
solution | b. | energy only | d. | a carrier protein only |
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20.
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The arrows in the diagrams below indicate the movement of salt molecules through
two cell membranes. The X’s represent salt molecules. Which two processes do the diagrams
illustrate?  a. | diffusion and active transport | b. | dehydration synthesis and
diffusion | c. | diffusion and osmosis | d. | passive transport and cellular
respiration |
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21.
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In which of the following cell organelles does protein synthesis occur?
a. | chloroplasts | c. | nucleus | b. | mitochondria | d. | ribosomes |
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22.
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Which process produces the greatest amount of ATP per glucose molecule
metabolized?
a. | respiration | c. | fermentation | b. | digestion | d. | photosynthesis |
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23.
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In which structure in both plant and animal cells does cellular respiration
occur?
a. | mitochondrion | c. | endoplasmic reticulum | b. | ribosome | d. | vacuole |
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24.
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Of the following processes, which does NOT happen in meiosis?
a. | crossing over | c. | replication | b. | disjunction | d. | transpiration |
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25.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. | In both mitosis and meiosis, the chromosomes separate once. | b. | In both mitosis and
meiosis, the chromosomes separate twice. | c. | In mitosis the chromosomes separate once, while
in meiosis the chromosomes separate twice. | d. | In meiosis the chromosomes separate once, while
in mitosis the chromosomes separate twice. |
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26.
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Which of these represents a parasitic relationship?
a. | whale/plankton | c. | Spanish moss/trees | b. | tick/dog | d. | shark/fish |
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27.
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What type of relationship between two organisms results in benefits to both
organisms?
a. | parasitism | c. | equalism | b. | mutualism | d. | commensalism |
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28.
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A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither aided nor
harmed is ____.
a. | parasitism | c. | mutualism | b. | synergism | d. | commensalism |
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29.
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Mutualism is one type of ____.
a. | predator-prey relationship | c. | symbiosis | b. | ecosystem | d. | niche |
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30.
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Spanish moss growing on tree branches is an example of ____.
a. | parasitism | c. | mutualism | b. | commensalism | d. | tropism |
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31.
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A relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another is
____.
a. | parasitism | c. | mutualism | b. | symbiosis | d. | commensalism |
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32.
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Ants living on acacia trees is an example of ____.
a. | parasitism | c. | commensalism | b. | mutualism | d. | equalism |
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33.
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The permanent, close association among organisms of different species is
____.
a. | an ecosystem | c. | mutualism | b. | symbolism | d. | symbiosis |
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34.
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Examine the diagram below. The diagram shows the living and non-living factors
that interact in a particular geographic area. The term that best describes these interactions is
____.  a. | biome | c. | ecosystem | b. | environment | d. | population |
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35.
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An abiotic factor affecting the behavior and survival of organisms, such as
birds and insects, in a community is the ____.
a. | number of secondary consumers | c. | number of
herbivores | b. | number of daylight hours | d. | incidence of harmful bacteria |
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36.
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Certain plants and animals have adaptations that enable them to survive in a
desert ecosystem. The MOST important abiotic factor that affects these adaptations is the
____.
a. | number of consumers | c. | amount of rainfall | b. | number of producers | d. | temperature
range |
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37.
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Relationships among different organisms in an environment are known as
____.
a. | interactive biomass | c. | diversifications | b. | biotic factors | d. | communal
activities |
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38.
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Non-living aspects of the environment are called ____.
a. | biotic factors | c. | limiting factors | b. | living factors | d. | abiotic factors |
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39.
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Two abiotic factors affecting the distribution of organisms in the ocean are
____.
a. | light and temperature | c. | temperature and precipitation | b. | humidity and
altitude | d. | light and
latitude |
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40.
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Examine the pyramid below. A food pyramid is a way of showing how energy in an
ecosystem flows from one organism to another. Based on this pyramid, which organism has the MOST
energy available to it?  a. | grass | c. | starling | b. | grasshopper | d. | owl |
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41.
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Producers obtain energy primarily from ____.
a. | nutrients in the soil | c. | water | b. | the Sun | d. | decomposing
organisms |
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42.
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Which of these statements is TRUE about the food web shown below?  a. | Grizzly bears have the highest biomass. | b. | Grasses have the
lowest biomass. | c. | Deer have a higher biomass than do grizzly bears. | d. | Seeds have a lower
biomass than do chipmunks. |
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43.
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The diagram below shows a food web. Which organism would most likely be located
at position X in the role of a producer?  a. | bird | c. | snake | b. | mushroom | d. | grass |
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44.
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A behavior that needs practice is usually ____.
a. | innate | c. | fast | b. | a response | d. | commensalism |
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45.
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A dog fetching a paper is an example of ____ behavior.
a. | innate | c. | parental care | b. | learned | d. | migration |
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46.
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Certain seals will swim to warmer waters when ready to ____.
a. | feed | c. | protect the adults | b. | reproduce | d. | become more
social |
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47.
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All of these are examples of innate animal behavior EXCEPT for ____.
a. | a duckling forming a social attachment to its mother | b. | a frog’s
tongue that flicks out to catch an insect | c. | male fireflies flashing distinct light patterns
to attract females of the same species | d. | a species of bird migrating to South America
when it is winter in North America |
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48.
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Frogs and crickets making sounds is an example of ____ behavior.
a. | courting | c. | learned | b. | protective | d. | food-finding |
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49.
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All behavior starts with a ____.
a. | stimulus | c. | response | b. | reward | d. | smell |
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50.
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The simplest innate behavior is ____.
a. | imprinting | c. | an instinct | b. | a reflex | d. | conditioning |
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51.
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When animals use past experiences to help them in new situations, they are using
a form of reasoning called ____.
a. | imprinting | c. | insight | b. | cyclic behavior | d. | instinct |
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52.
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Examine the food web below. Which of the following organisms could NOT be
identified as a secondary consumer?  a. | bird | c. | lizard | b. | grasshopper | d. | snake |
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53.
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The bacteria of decay could be classified as ____.
a. | producers | c. | secondary consumers | b. | primary consumers | d. | decomposers |
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54.
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Farmers often introduce ladybugs into crops as predators to reduce the number of
aphids feeding on their plants. In a short time, the number of aphids significantly decreases. This
is an example of ____.
a. | migration | c. | a host-parasite relationship | b. | population
equilibrium | d. | abiotic control
of pests |
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55.
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In a forest ecosystem, which factor is least important in determining which
organisms will survive?
a. | amount of sunlight | c. | number of decomposers | b. | amount of
rainfall | d. | range of
temperatures |
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56.
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Examine the diagram below. The food web shows how many secondary (second-order)
consumers? 
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57.
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The gypsy moth was brought to the United States in 1869 in an attempt to start a
silkworm industry. Escaping soon after, the gypsy moth has become a major tree pest in the forests of
northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
What is the MOST significant conclusion that
can be drawn from the events reported.
a. | Imported species can disrupt a balanced ecosystem. | b. | Gypsy moths produce
silk. | c. | Imported species have difficulty adapting to a new environment. | d. | Gypsy moths are
herbivores. |
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58.
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Alligators in wetland regions normally feed on animals such as shorebirds.
Shorebirds usually feed on small fish and frogs. Recently, scientists released a large number of
alligators into a wetland region. Scientists expected that as a result of this increase in the
alligator population, the population of small fish and frogs would ____.
a. | remain about the same | c. | become extinct | b. | rapidly decrease | d. | notably
increase |
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59.
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A major threat to ecosystems is the activity brought about by ____.
a. | plants | c. | algae | b. | humans | d. | recycled
nutrients |
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60.
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Extinction or loss of one species each day on Earth is attributed to
____.
a. | humans | c. | acid rain | b. | wild animals | d. | the greenhouse
effect |
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61.
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Habitat destruction actually means ____.
a. | too much land is being set aside for endangered animal use | b. | the place where an
animal lives is being conserved | c. | humans are destroying or taking over the land
once used by animals | d. | destruction of animals is
occurring |
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62.
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Forest destruction has been implicated in the rise of carbon dioxide levels
during the past 50 years. How can the two be related?
a. | Trees release carbon dioxide when chopped down. | b. | The process of
cutting wood from lumber adds carbon dioxide to the air. | c. | Respiration by trees
adds more carbon dioxide to the air than photosynthesis can remove. | d. | Fewer trees mean
less photosynthesis and therefore more carbon dioxide is left in the
air. |
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63.
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Energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll located in the ____.
a. | citric acid cycle | c. | electron transport chain | b. | mitochondria | d. | thylakoid membranes |
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64.
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In the complete process of photosynthesis, the ____.
a. | Calvin cycle yields CO2 | b. | light reactions release
oxygen | c. | Calvin cycle breaks down H2O | d. | light reactions
produce NADP + from NADPH + H+ |
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65.
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The starch that plants use for food storage is an example of a ____.
a. | protein | c. | lipid | b. | polysaccharide | d. | sucrose polymer |
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66.
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Which process uses carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and
light energy to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen
(O2)?
a. | fermentation | c. | exocytosis | b. | photosynthesis | d. | respiration |
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67.
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How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) result from the respiration
of six sugar molecules?
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68.
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During photosynthesis, plants ____.
a. | take in oxygen and carbon dioxide | b. | take in oxygen and give off carbon
dioxide | c. | give off oxygen and carbon dioxide | d. | take in carbon dioxide and give off
oxygen |
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69.
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The process by which carbon dioxide and water vapor are exchanged through
stomata on leaf surfaces is called ____.
a. | diffusion | c. | transpiration | b. | photosynthesis | d. | tropism |
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70.
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Plants use the Sun’s energy to make glucose through the process of
photosynthesis. The energy stored in glucose is released in the process of ____.
a. | cellular respiration | c. | replication | b. | digestion | d. | transpiration |
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71.
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The carbon dioxide that we breathe out has come originally from our ____.
a. | cells | c. | diaphragm | b. | skin | d. | urinary bladder |
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72.
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When you inhale, oxygen is transported to your body’s cells. Which of
these living systems does this process require?
a. | respiratory and circulatory only | b. | respiratory, circulatory, and digestive
only | c. | muscular, respiratory, and circulatory only | d. | reproductive and
circulatory only |
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73.
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The oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere comes mainly from ____.
a. | the chemical separation of water molecules in the oceans | b. | the chemical
breakdown of minerals in the soil | c. | the process of photosynthesis occurring in
green plants and algae | d. | the process of cellular respiration occurring
in all organisms |
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74.
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The respiratory system helps the body remove ____.
a. | oxygen | c. | urea | b. | carbon dioxide | d. | sweat |
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75.
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Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are all products of ____.
a. | photosynthesis | c. | cell division | b. | germination | d. | respiration |
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76.
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Carbon ____ through the carbon cycle.
a. | increases in quantity | c. | follows various paths | b. | decreases in
quantity | d. | follows a single
path |
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77.
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The total amount of carbon on Earth remains the same through time. Animals
acquire the carbon stored in plants when they eat carbohydrates. Carbon returns to the atmosphere
when animals exhale carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration. This carbon dioxide gas is used by
plants to manufacture complex carbohydrates through the process of ____.
a. | photosynthesis | c. | respiration | b. | protein synthesis | d. | transpiration |
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78.
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The water in Earth’s atmosphere comes partly from ____.
a. | the chemical separation of water molecules in the oceans | b. | precipitation such
as rain, snowfall and sleet | c. | transpiration of trees in the process of
photosynthesis | d. | the melting of polar ice caps |
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79.
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Some green plants have nodules on their roots, which contain bacteria that
change the nitrogen in the air into forms useful to plants and animals. These bacteria are an example
of ____.
a. | how bacteria are dangerous | b. | how microorganisms are dangerous to
plants | c. | how bacteria can play a beneficial role | d. | why scientists work
to discover new antibiotics |
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80.
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What is the main role of plants in the water cycle?
a. | They absorb hydrogen from the air and release water into the
soil. | b. | They absorb water from the air during respiration. | c. | They gather water
molecules that are released during seed dispersal. | d. | They release water into the air during
transpiration. |
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81.
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The source of energy in the water cycle is ____.
a. | carbon dioxide | c. | the sun | b. | plants | d. | oxygen |
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82.
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Cellular respiration occurs in ____.
a. | only animals | c. | only protists | b. | only plants | d. | all living
things |
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83.
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As a result of strenuous exercise, muscles build up an excess of ____.
a. | citric acid | c. | oxygen | b. | lactic acid | d. | carbon monoxide |
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84.
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What are two reactants of aerobic respiration?
a. | glucose and oxygen | c. | carbon dioxide and oxygen | b. | carbon dioxide and
chlorophyll | d. | water and
nitrogen |
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85.
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The stage of cellular respiration that is anaerobic is ____.
a. | the citric acid cycle | c. | the electron transport chain | b. | glycolysis | d. | CO2 formation |
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86.
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The second stage of cellular respiration is ____.
a. | the citric acid cycle | c. | the electron transport chain | b. | glycolysis | d. | CO2 formation |
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87.
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The electron transport chain is extremely efficient, producing ____ ATP
molecules.
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88.
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The diagram below shows a portion of a DNA molecule. The letters in the diagram
represent the four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Which of the
following sequences of bases do the question marks represent?  a. | C-A-C | c. | G-A-C | b. | G-C-A | d. | T-C-A |
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89.
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The arrow in the diagram below points to a structure called a ____.  a. | base | c. | nucleotide | b. | hydrogen bond | d. | cell wall |
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90.
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Which base is the complementary strand of the base shown below?  a. | adenine | c. | cytosine | b. | guanine | d. | uracil |
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91.
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The DNA message depends on the order of the ____.
a. | nitrogen bases | c. | sugars | b. | acids | d. | genes |
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92.
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The DNA in identical twins is ____.
a. | very different | c. | opposite | b. | the same | d. | very similar |
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93.
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When DNA replicates, each new DNA molecule has ____.
a. | two new strands | c. | two original strands | b. | one original strand and one new
strand | d. | one new
strand |
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94.
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In the lab, a molecular biologist created artificial messenger RNA (mRNA)
containing only uracil nucleotides. The polypeptides synthesized from this mRNA consisted of chains
containing only one amino acid, phenylalanine.
Based on these results, what might the
molecular biologist conclude?
a. | The sequence U-U-U does not relate to any amino acid. | b. | The sequence U-U-U
translates into the amino acid phenylalanine. | c. | Protein synthesis can only occur in living
cells. | d. | Protein synthesis can only occur within the endoplasmic
reticulum. |
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95.
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RNA is essential for the building of proteins. Which of these is NOT a type of
RNA?
a. | messenger RNA | c. | transfer RNA | b. | mitochondrial RNA | d. | ribosomal RNA |
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96.
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DNA forms the code for the making of ____.
a. | proteins | c. | fats | b. | genes | d. | chromosomes |
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97.
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A short section of DNA that codes for a trait is a ____.
a. | protein | c. | chromosome | b. | sugar | d. | gene |
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98.
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The messages of the genes of chromosomes are carried to ribosomes by
____.
a. | DNA | c. | RNA | b. | protein | d. | acid |
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99.
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Some bacteria produce an enzyme that makes them resistant to penicillin. Their
offspring will also MOST likely be resistant to penicillin because ____.
a. | bacteria have an unusually high rate of mutation | b. | penicillin is no
longer effective against bacteria | c. | bacteria produce a large amount of
antibodies | d. | bacteria reproduce asexually |
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100.
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When plants reproduce, which process replicates their chromosomes?
a. | photosynthesis | c. | meiosis | b. | fertilization | d. | pollination |
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101.
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For asexual reproduction to be successful, a cell nucleus divides to form two
new nuclei, each containing a complete copy of the parental chromosomes. This process is called
____.
a. | fermentation | c. | mitosis | b. | meiosis | d. | non-disjunction |
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102.
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If two organisms are able to reproduce successfully, they MUST be in the same
____.
a. | genus | c. | phylum | b. | species | d. | family |
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103.
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In the below diagram of a flower, the structure labeled with the letter
“Y” helps the flower to ____.  a. | transport water | c. | reproduce | b. | absorb sunlight | d. | excrete waste |
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104.
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Examine the information in the box below. In fruit flies, the allele for eye
color is a sex-linked trait. In other words, this gene is found only on the X chromosome. Which of
the following fruit fly crosses could produce a white-eyed female? R = red eyes | XX = female | r = white eyes | XY = male | | |
a. | XRXR 
XrY | c. | XRXr 
XRY | b. | XRXr 
XrY | d. | XrXr 
XRY |
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105.
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A married couple plans to have children. The wife has blue eyes ( bb), and
her husband has brown eyes ( Bb). The husband’s mother had blue eyes. Based on the Punnet
square below, what percentage of their children could they predict will have blue eyes? 
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106.
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Karen has two pet guinea pigs with black fur. When her guinea pigs mated, one of
their four offspring had white fur, while the others had black fur. Which of the following
conclusions is most likely true for Karen’s guinea pigs?
a. | Both parents are heterozygous for the white-fur trait, which is
dominant. | b. | Both parents are heterozygous for the white-fur trait, which is
recessive. | c. | Both parents are homozygous for the white-fur trait, which is
dominant. | d. | Both parents are homozygous for the white-fur trait, which is
recessive. |
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107.
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In a certain type of corn plant, the gene for smooth seeds is a dominant trait
(S), while the gene for wrinkled seeds is recessive (s). Based on the Punnett square below, what
kinds of seeds will the offspring of these two corn plants have?  a. | 100% will be smooth. | b. | 50% will be smooth, and 50% will be
wrinkled. | c. | 75% will be smooth, and 25% will be wrinkled. | d. | 25% will be smooth,
and 75% will be wrinkled. |
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108.
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Some humans can roll their tongues, while others cannot. Simple dominant traits,
such as tongue rolling, are determined in humans by ____.
a. | cleaved DNA | b. | a point mutation on the X chromosome from the
mother only | c. | dominant alleles from the father only | d. | dominant alleles from either the father or the
mother, or both |
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109.
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In humans, the gene for normal vision (C) is dominant to the gene for color
blindness (c). Color blindness is a sex-linked trait. Which of the following would be the genotype
for a colorblind male?
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110.
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In fruit flies, the gene for long wings is dominant to the gene for short wings.
In order for a researcher to find out if a long-winged fruit fly is homozygous or heterozygous for
long wings, the researcher should cross the long-winged fruit fly with ____.
a. | a purebred, short-winged fruit fly | c. | a heterozygous, short-winged fruit
fly | b. | a purebred, long-winged fruit fly | d. | a heterozygous, long-winged fruit
fly |
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111.
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A black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken are crossed by a farmer.
All of the offspring chickens have both black and white feathers. Which of the following does this
exemplify?
a. | genetic mutation | c. | dominant alleles | b. | codominant alleles | d. | multiple
alleles |
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112.
|
If the bacteria Serratia marcesens grows at 25°C, it is red.
If the bacteria grows at 30°C, it is cream-colored instead of red. This example is evidence that
____.
a. | bacteria grow more rapidly at higher temperatures | b. | environmental
factors influence gene expression | c. | bacteria reproduce more slowly at lower
temperatures | d. | different internal hormones are released at different
temperatures |
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113.
|
The incidence of mutations in fruit flies will most likely increase after they
are exposed to ____.
a. | ultraviolet radiation | c. | carbon dioxide gas | b. | bacteria | d. | very cold
temperatures |
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114.
|
To be inherited by future generations, a gene mutation would have to occur in
____.
a. | brain cells | c. | sex cells | b. | liver cells | d. | skin cells |
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115.
|
A mutation is helpful depending on whether it makes the living thing
____.
a. | larger | c. | better adapted | b. | smaller | d. | another color |
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116.
|
A mutation is a change in the ____ of an organism.
a. | color | c. | environment | b. | DNA code | d. | birthrate |
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117.
|
A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA is called
____.
a. | frameshift mutation | c. | chromosomal mutation | b. | point mutation | d. | nucleotide
mutation |
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118.
|
Cyanide, benzene, formaldehyde, and radiation are all examples of ____.
a. | chemicals | c. | mutagens | b. | messenger RNA | d. | amino acids |
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119.
|
Punctuated equilibrium in evolution results in ____.
a. | small changes over a long period of time | b. | large changes over a
long period of time | c. | small changes over a short period of
time | d. | large changes over a short period of time |
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120.
|
A mutation in the human gene responsible for producing hemoglobin in the blood
can cause a disorder known as sickle-cell anemia. The parents of children born with sickle-cell
anemia usually have no symptoms of the disorder, but tests indicate that both parents have the
mutated gene.
What is the best explanation for this set of circumstances?
a. | The gene for sickle-cell anemia is dominant, and both parents are
homozygous. | b. | The gene for sickle-cell anemia is dominant, and both parents are
heterozygous. | c. | The gene for sickle-cell anemia is recessive, and both parents are
homozygous. | d. | The gene for sickle-cell anemia is recessive, and both parents are
heterozygous. |
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121.
|
One use of recombinant DNA technology is to correct genetic disorders. This
application is called ____.
a. | DNA fingerprinting | c. | chromosomal mutation | b. | cloning | d. | gene therapy |
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122.
|
Examine the Punnet square below. A married couple plans to have children. The
husband (X HY) and wife (X HX h) both have blood that clots normally.
Which of these combinations will produce a child who suffers from hemophilia? 
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123.
|
Out of four children, the expected number of girls with hemophilia is
____.
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124.
|
What is the name of the process through which scientists create genetically
identical organisms?
a. | sequencing | c. | recombining | b. | cloning | d. | splicing |
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125.
|
An animal that has not been cloned in the laboratory is the ____.
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126.
|
Recombinant DNA is used in making ____.
a. | insulin | c. | diabetes | b. | bacteria | d. | wires |
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127.
|
A transgenic organism contains ____.
a. | enzymes | c. | alleles of the host organism | b. | genes from another
species | d. | human
chromosomes |
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128.
|
The emergence of harmful, recessive traits is one disadvantage of ____.
a. | the human genome | c. | genetic equilibrium | b. | selective breeding | d. | DNA sequencing |
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129.
|
One advantage of captive breeding in zoos is that ____.
a. | it lessens a zoo’s dependence on wild populations | b. | zoos tend to select
only the most attractive animals to breed | c. | it creates a surplus of animals that may be
hard to place | d. | animals bred in captivity cannot survive in the wild |
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130.
|
The gray wolf is classified as Canis lupus. The domestic dog, formerly
classified as Canis familiaris, is now classified as Canis lupus familiaris. This
change reflects biologists’ new belief that the domestic dog and the gray wolf belong to the
same ____.
a. | kingdom | c. | species | b. | genus | d. | phylum |
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131.
|
According to the classification table below, what is the LOWEST taxonomic level
that jackrabbits and cottontails have in common? Classifications of
Rabbits | Level | Jackrabbit | Cottontail | Kingdom | Animalia | Animalia | Phylum | Chordata | Chordata | Class | Mammalia | Mammalia | Order | Lagomorpha | Lagomorpha | Family | Leporidae | Leporidae | Genus | Lepus | Sylvilagus | Species | californicus | floridanus | | | |
a. | class | c. | genus | b. | family | d. | order |
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132.
|
In which kingdom is the organism pictured below classified?  a. | animals | c. | plants | b. | fungi | d. | protists |
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133.
|
A polar bear’s scientific name is Ursus maritimus, while the
scientific name of a brown bear is Ursus arctos. According to this information, it is apparent
that the polar bear and the brown bear are ____.
a. | not in the same family | b. | the same animal called by two different
names | c. | the same species | d. | the same genus |
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134.
|
A student collects seashells from a beach while on vacation. The animals that
once inhabited these shells most likely belonged to which of the following classes of the animal
kingdom?
a. | Osteichthyes | c. | Bivalvia | b. | Echinoidea | d. | Arachnida |
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135.
|
About 30 to 50 percent of all species are found ____.
a. | on farms | c. | in rain forests | b. | in oceans | d. | on the prairie |
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136.
|
In which climate would you expect to discover many different types of animals
living?
a. | warm and moist | c. | hot and dry | b. | cold and snowy | d. | cold and dry |
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137.
|
Some plants have small leaves that are covered with a waxy coating. For which
type of habitat are such plants BEST adapted?
a. | temperate forest | c. | desert | b. | grassland | d. | tropical rain
forest |
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138.
|
The graph below shows the changes in the populations of two animals that are
part of a forest ecosystem. Which is a reason for the changes in these populations after
1985?  a. | All the plant populations in this ecosystem decreased. | b. | The wolf population
preyed on the moose population. | c. | The wolf population competed for food more
successfully than the moose population. | d. | An epidemic of disease reduced the wolf
population. |
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139.
|
Sepals and petals along with stamens and pistils are present in ____.
a. | mosses | c. | gymnosperms | b. | ferns | d. | angiosperms |
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140.
|
Which of the following organisms does NOT have a closed circulatory
system?
a. | earthworm | c. | grasshopper | b. | frog | d. | human |
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141.
|
Which of the following classes of animals includes females that develop a
hollow, muscular organ called a uterus?
a. | amphibians | c. | mammals | b. | invertebrates | d. | reptiles |
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142.
|
All of the following cell structures are normally found in consumers EXCEPT
____.
a. | mitochondria | c. | chloroplasts | b. | ribosomes | d. | nuclei |
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143.
|
Which of the diagrams below represents the method of reproduction that is
characteristic of vertebrates?
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144.
|
One kind of evidence that life existed in the past is a ____.
a. | mutation | c. | variation | b. | fossil | d. | selection |
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145.
|
Which conclusion may be drawn when comparing fossils found in previously
undisturbed strata of sedimentary rock?
a. | Fossils in the upper strata are younger than those in the lower
strata. | b. | Fossils in the upper strata are older than those in the lower
strata. | c. | Fossils in the upper strata are generally less complex than those in the lower
strata. | d. | There are no fossils in the upper strata that resemble those in the lower
strata. |
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146.
|
Deep-sea vents are openings in Earth’s crust far below the surface of the
ocean. Life is abundant near these vents, and many organisms that live near deep-sea vents are
chemosynthetic. Which of the following statements is true?
a. | There is limited oxygen near deep-sea vents. | b. | These organisms
probably evolved early in Earth’s history. | c. | These organisms are
producers. | d. | All of the answers are correct. |
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147.
|
The theory that whales evolved from ancestors that had legs is most likely based
on information gathered from ____.
a. | embryology research | c. | the fossil record | b. | population studies | d. | DNA analysis |
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148.
|
See the illustration below. What would happen to the beetle population if, over
a period of many years, the bark on all the trees of this type became spotted?  a. | The population of spotted beetles would increase and the population of plain beetles
would decrease. | b. | The population of plain beetles would increase and the population of spotted beetles
would decrease. | c. | The population of spotted beetles would increase and the population of plain beetles
would increase. | d. | The population of plain beetles would increase and the population of spotted beetles
would stay the same. |
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149.
|
Following a fire at a nuclear facility, there was a significant increase in the
number of cases of lung cancer reported by the employees who were exposed to the fire. Radioactive
particles entered the lungs of these employees, causing mutations that led to lung cancer. Some of
the employees plan to have children. How will these mutations affect the employees’ future
offspring?
a. | The offspring will be unaffected by the parents’ lung
cancer. | b. | The offspring will likely be diagnosed with lung cancer at a young
age. | c. | The offspring will develop mutated lung cells while still in the
womb. | d. | The offspring will possess mutations that will spread through the respiratory
system. |
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150.
|
If one population of sparrows adapted a type of feather that made it easier to
survive, this sparrow population might increase because ____.
a. | the sparrows with the better feathers would live longer and pass the new trait onto
their young | b. | the sparrows would have fewer owls hunting them | c. | there would be many
more grasshoppers available for each sparrow to eat | d. | the sparrows that did not adapt new wings would
die, leaving more grasshoppers for the remaining sparrows |
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151.
|
Many scientists believe that, over time, the horse changed from a small animal
to the large one we know today. These scientists would say that the horse ____.
a. | evolved | c. | fossilized | b. | cloned | d. | did not adapt |
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152.
|
Which of the following was NOT part of Darwin’s proposals?
a. | There is overpopulation in nature. | b. | There is variation in the individuals of the
population. | c. | Variations are caused by mutations. | d. | There is natural
selection. |
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153.
|
Based on information obtained from geologists, Darwin already knew during his
voyage on the Beagle that ____.
a. | the theory of evolution had been established and was accepted | b. | environmental
features of Earth do change | c. | life forms do not change their
features | d. | the Galapagos Islands were soon to be submerged under the
ocean |
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154.
|
Darwin stated that life forms show descent with modification. This means that
____.
a. | new life forms descend from old life forms but they do not change | b. | modification among
descendants occurs only in the first generation | c. | functional changes never occur in
descendants | d. | structural changes occur from one group of descendants to the
next |
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155.
|
Similarities between Galapagos organisms and organisms of distant lands allowed
Darwin to infer that despite their uniqueness, Galapagos life forms ____.
a. | never underwent natural selection | b. | flew or swam to the islands thousands of years
ago from other land areas | c. | shared nothing in common with life forms of
distant lands | d. | were brought over to the islands by early explorers |
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156.
|
No two eggplants are exactly alike in shape, color, or size. Darwin would
explain this by saying that ____.
a. | variations exist in any population | b. | mutations occurred to form these different
eggplants | c. | eggplant differences result from overproduction | d. | chance was
responsible for all the differences seen |
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157.
|
The forelegs of a cat and a bat are examples of ____.
a. | comparative biochemistry | c. | analogous
structures | b. | homologous structures | d. | comparative embryology |
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158.
|
In recent years, pollution has decreased. Since that time, it would be expected
that the frequency of the allele for melanin in the gene pool has ____.
a. | increased | c. | remained the same | b. | decreased | d. | been eliminated |
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159.
|
A population in which the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations
is said to be ____.
a. | dormant | c. | experiencing genetic drift | b. | adaptive | d. | in
genetic equilibrium |
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160.
|
Individuals are more likely to inherit recessive traits if ____.
a. | genetic equilibrium occurs | c. | the number of potential mates
increases | b. | a gene pool is large | d. | a gene pool is small |
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161.
|
An enzyme found in mitochondria has the same sequence of amino acids in both
chimpanzees and humans. This observation supports the hypothesis that ____.
a. | chimpanzees and humans have similar diets. | b. | chimpanzees and
humans have a common ancestor. | c. | amino acids are a characteristic of all
animals. | d. | lower organisms are not able to synthesize proteins. |
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