True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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If a person tries to lift a heavy box for 5 seconds and can't make it
budge, the work done on the box is equal to the amount of energy the person uses.
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2.
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Machines decrease the amount of energy that is needed to do work.
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3.
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A first-class lever can have an input force greater than the output
force.
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4.
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Increasing the length of a ramp increases the efficiency of the ramp.
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5.
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As the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume
increases.
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6.
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Energy is transferred as heat between two objects at the same
temperature.
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7.
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Heating by convection can occur through solids, liquids, or gases.
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8.
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Cool objects don't emit any radiation.
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9.
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A good insulator is a poor conductor.
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10.
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The temperature of a volume of gas will change if the pressure of the gas or
volume of the gas changes.
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11.
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A wave transports energy but not matter.
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12.
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Sound waves are examples of longitudinal waves.
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13.
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In water waves, the disturbance consists of fluctuations in the density of
water.
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14.
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The speed of sound at high altitudes, where the air is less dense, is greater
than the speed of sound at low altitudes, where the air is more dense.
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15.
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Sound waves cannot travel through solids.
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16.
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According to the Doppler effect, light from a star moving away from Earth will
have a higher frequency than light from a star moving toward Earth.
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17.
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Two waves cannot occupy the same space at the same time.
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18.
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When an ecosystem is balanced, the population sizes of the different species do
not change relative to one another.
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19.
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Nonnative plants and animals pose no danger to an ecosystem.
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20.
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A disadvantage of nuclear energy from nuclear fission is that it produces large
amounts of radioactive waste.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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21.
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The kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the
a. | particles that make up a substance move. | b. | bonds between atoms
break down. | c. | molecules of gas rush together. | d. | lighter particles within a substance clump
together. |
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22.
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Molar mass is defined as
a. | the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance. | b. | the SI base unit
that describes the amount of a substance. | c. | the amount of a substance necessary to have a
positive charge. | d. | the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance. |
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23.
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Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?
a. | photosynthesis | b. | digestion | c. | respiration | d. | exchange of ions between two
compounds |
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24.
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A disinfectant is a substance that
a. | forms a base. | c. | kills bacteria and viruses. | b. | mixes safely with
vinegar. | d. | forms an
acid. |
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25.
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The type of nuclear radiation that can penetrate farthest through matter is
called
a. | radons. | c. | neutron emission. | b. | gamma rays. | d. | X-rays. |
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26.
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Friction is defined as
a. | force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching. | b. | rate at which
velocity changes. | c. | resistance of an object to a change in its
velocity. | d. | speed of an object in a particular direction. |
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27.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. | Frictional forces are greatest when both surfaces are rough. | b. | When a truck is
parked on a hill, friction is the force that is trying to pull the truck down the
hill. | c. | Air resistance is the opposite force from friction. | d. | Friction can exist
between two objects even when they are not in contact. |
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28.
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The frequency of a sound wave is determined by the
a. | source of the wave. | c. | speed of the wave. | b. | amplitude of the wave. | d. | medium of the
wave. |
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29.
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Which of the following is not a type of electric cell?
a. | electrochemical | c. | mechanical | b. | thermoelectric | d. | photoelectric |
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30.
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A flashlight bulb with a potential difference of 4.5 V across its filament has a
power output of 8.0 W. How much current is in the bulb filament?
a. | 3.7 A | c. | 0.23 A | b. | 1.8 A | d. | 0.56 A |
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31.
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What happens to the overall resistance of a circuit when too many appliances are
connected across a 120 V outlet?
a. | Resistance is increased. | c. | Resistance is
decreased. | b. | Resistance remains the same. | d. | Resistance is
zero. |
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32.
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Magnetically soft substances
a. | retain their magnetism longer than others. | b. | lose their magnetism
more easily than others. | c. | cannot be magnetized
easily. | d. | pick up more iron nails than magnetically hard
substances. |
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33.
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In a magnetized substance, the domains
a. | are randomly distributed. | b. | line up more uniformly in one
direction. | c. | cancel each other. | d. | can never be
reoriented. |
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34.
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An analog signal
a. | never varies. | c. | only shows a single reading. | b. | varies continuously
within a range. | d. | uses a
single flashing light. |
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35.
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Hotter stars glow with light that is more intense at
a. | shorter wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum). | b. | shorter wavelengths
(toward the blue end of the spectrum). | c. | longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the
spectrum). | d. | longer wavelengths (toward the blue end of the
spectrum). |
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36.
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Energy is released in stars as a result of
a. | fission reactions. | c. | endothermic reactions. | b. | fusion
reactions. | d. | biochemical
reactions. |
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37.
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The most effective agent of physical weathering and erosion is
a. | water. | c. | gravity. | b. | wind. | d. | plant roots. |
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38.
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In the oxygen—carbon dioxide cycle,
a. | animals produce oxygen used by plants for photosynthesis. | b. | animals produce
oxygen used by plants for respiration. | c. | animals produce carbon dioxide used by plants
for photosynthesis. | d. | animals produce carbon dioxide used by plants
for respiration. |
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39.
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A waste product of respiration in animals that is used by plants to carry out
photosynthesis is
a. | carbon dioxide. | c. | calcium carbonate. | b. | carbon monoxide. | d. | sodium
bicarbonate. |
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40.
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Ozone molecules are destroyed by
a. | carbon dioxide molecules. | c. | deoxyribonucleic
acids. | b. | chlorofluorocarbons. | d. | ultraviolet radiation. |
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