True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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Increasing the angle a ramp makes with the horizontal decreases the mechanical
advantage.
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2.
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A ball falling under the force of gravity is a closed system.
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3.
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In all cooling systems, energy as heat is transferred from one substance to
another, leaving the first substance with less energy and with a lower temperature.
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4.
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All objects produce different types of electromagnetic waves depending on the
object's temperature.
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5.
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As the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume
increases.
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6.
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A degree on the Fahrenheit scale is a bigger unit than a degree on the Celsius
scale.
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7.
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Energy is transferred as heat between two objects at the same
temperature.
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8.
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Energy is transferred as heat from a substance at high temperature to a
substance at low temperature.
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9.
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Cool objects don't emit any radiation.
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10.
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How much the temperature of an object increases when energy is transferred as
heat to the object depends only on the mass of the object.
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11.
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The R-value is a standard rating used to measure the effectiveness of
insulation.
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12.
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Some of the energy generated as heat by a heating system is always
wasted.
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13.
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The greater the frequency of the wave in a particular medium, the greater the
speed of the wave.
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14.
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Light travels faster in glass than it does in a vacuum.
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15.
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Radio waves are an example of electromagnetic waves.
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16.
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The energy of a mechanical wave depends on the amplitude of the wave.
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17.
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As the frequency of sound waves increases, the wavelength of the sound waves
decreases.
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18.
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In water waves, the disturbance consists of fluctuations in the density of
water.
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19.
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Nodes in a standing wave are the result of constructive interference.
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20.
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If two tuning forks of different frequencies are struck at the same time, you
will hear beats as the result of constructive interference followed by destructive
interference.
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21.
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An organism can be a member of only one community at a time.
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22.
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When an ecosystem is balanced, the population sizes of the different species do
not change relative to one another.
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23.
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Nonnative plants and animals pose no danger to an ecosystem.
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24.
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A disadvantage of nuclear energy from nuclear fission is that it produces large
amounts of radioactive waste.
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25.
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Usable energy is lost each time energy is converted to another form of
energy.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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26.
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A scientific model is a
a. | representation of a real event or object. | b. | small building used
to conduct experiments. | c. | mathematical statement of a
theory. | d. | new theory that takes the place of an incorrect one. |
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27.
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Which question cannot be answered by an experiment?
a. | Does penicillin kill Salmonella bacteria? | b. | Is rabies caused by
a virus? | c. | Did a comet impact kill the dinosaurs? | d. | Can radiation cause
cancer? |
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28.
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A loaf of bread weighs 1362 g. The weight in kilograms is
a. | 1.362 kg. | c. | 01362 kg. | b. | 1362 kg. | d. | 001362 kg. |
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29.
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The force with which gravity pulls on a quantity of matter is referred to
as
a. | mass. | c. | volume. | b. | length. | d. | weight. |
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30.
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At which time of day was the temperature approximately 4ºC?
a. | 9:00 A.M. | c. | 11:00 A.M. | b. | 10:00 A.M. | d. | 12:00 P.M. |
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31.
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A measurement that is accurate is one that
a. | is as exact as possible. | b. | is close to the true value. | c. | contains at least
four significant figures. | d. | contains five decimal
places. |
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32.
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Matter is defined as anything that
a. | can be seen and touched. | c. | can be weighed. | b. | has mass and takes
up space. | d. | contains kinetic
or potential energy. |
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33.
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The science of what matter is made of and how it changes is called
a. | chemistry. | c. | kinetics. | b. | physics. | d. | engineering. |
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34.
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Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
a. | solid | c. | gas | b. | liquid | d. | plasma |
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35.
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Evaporation refers to the change of state from a
a. | liquid to a gas. | c. | solid to a liquid. | b. | gas to a liquid. | d. | liquid to a
solid. |
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36.
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Digesting food is an example of
a. | physical change. | c. | chemical change. | b. | change of state. | d. | buoyancy. |
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37.
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The order of elements in the periodic table is based on
a. | the number of protons in the nucleus. | c. | the number of neutrons in the
nucleus. | b. | the electric charge of the nucleus. | d. | atomic mass. |
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38.
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Oxygen has atomic number 8. This means that an oxygen atom has
a. | eight neutrons in its nucleus. | c. | eight protons in its
nucleus. | b. | a total of eight protons and neutrons. | d. | a total of eight neutrons and
electrons. |
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39.
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You have 6.50 mol of chromium, which has a molar mass of approximately 52 g/mol.
What is the mass in grams of this amount of chromium?
a. | 3.38 g | c. | 338 g | b. | 33.8 g | d. | 3.38 kg |
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40.
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What is the mass in grams of 0.75 mol of sulfur, which has a molar mass of
approximately 32 g/mol?
a. | 16 g | c. | 32 g | b. | 24 g | d. | 240 g |
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41.
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An ionic bond is a bond that forms between
a. | ions with opposite charges. | b. | atoms with neutral charges. | c. | one atom's
nucleus and another atom's electrons. | d. | the electrons of two different
atoms. |
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42.
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In a metallic bond, the nucleus of one atom is attracted by a nearby
atom's
a. | nucleus. | c. | energy structure. | b. | negative ion. | d. | electrons. |
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43.
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Fe2O3 is named iron(III) oxide because it
contains
a. | three oxygen atoms. | c. | three iron atoms. | b. | Fe3+ ions. | d. | O3+
ions. |
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44.
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When copper combines with oxygen to form copper(II) oxide, the charge of the
copper ion is
a. | Cu1+. | c. | Cu3+. | b. | Cu2+. | d. | Cu4+. |
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45.
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The name for the compound with the formula CuBr2 would be written
as
a. | copper(II) bromide. | c. | copper bromine. | b. | copper(I) bromide. | d. | copper(III)
bromide. |
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46.
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It is possible for different covalent compounds to have the same empirical
formula because empirical formulas represent
a. | a total of all ionic bonds. | c. | a model of the
compound. | b. | only the cations in the compound. | d. | a ratio of atoms in the
compound. |
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47.
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Alcohols are organic compounds that contain
a. | carbon and oxygen only. | c. | carbon, oxygen, and
hydrogen. | b. | carbon and hydrogen only. | d. | carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. |
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48.
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The "rungs" of the DNA "ladder" are made up of
a. | paired monomers. | c. | phosphates. | b. | sugar molecules. | d. | amino acids. |
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49.
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In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from
a. | the reactants to the surroundings. | c. | one reactant to
another. | b. | the surroundings to the reactants. | d. | the container to the
chemicals. |
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50.
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Most of the energy in an isooctane reaction is released in the form of
a. | heat and light. | c. | water. | b. | electrical energy. | d. | sound. |
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51.
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When water is broken down by electrolysis, the products are
a. | water and carbon dioxide. | c. | hydrogen gas and oxygen
gas. | b. | hydrogen and oxygen ions. | d. | oxygen and methane. |
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52.
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Fragments of molecules that have at least one electron available for bonding are
called
a. | ions. | c. | protons. | b. | orbits. | d. | radicals. |
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53.
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A mixture that separates into different layers when you stop stirring it
is
a. | a colloid. | c. | a solution. | b. | a suspension. | d. | an emulsion. |
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54.
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Distillation can be used to separate solutions of miscible liquids
because
a. | different liquids usually have different boiling points. | b. | boiling breaks the
chemical bonds within each liquid. | c. | denser liquids sink to the
bottom. | d. | solids remain after the liquids are boiled away. |
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55.
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All of the following will make it easier to dissolve a solute in a solvent
except
a. | heating the solvent. | b. | stirring the solution. | c. | increasing the
surface area of the solute. | d. | adding a larger amount of
solute. |
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56.
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Water is referred to as the universal solvent because
a. | it is found throughout the universe. | b. | all known substances dissolve in
water. | c. | many different substances dissolve in water. | d. | it covers more than
half of the Earth's surface. |
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57.
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What is a salt?
a. | A solution that contains a strong acid | b. | An ionic compound that does not contain oxide
or hydroxide anions | c. | A substance formed by mixing two strong acids
together | d. | A solution that contains more anions than cations and is strongly
acidic |
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58.
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A disinfectant is a substance that
a. | forms a base. | c. | kills bacteria and viruses. | b. | mixes safely with
vinegar. | d. | forms an
acid. |
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59.
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Alpha particles are nuclei of
a. | oxygen. | c. | helium. | b. | nitrogen. | d. | radium. |
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60.
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Our body tissues are normally protected from most background radiation by
a. | special deflectors in the atmosphere. | b. | our outer skin. | c. | staying indoors or
in protected areas. | d. | special molecules within our bodies that fight
radiation. |
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61.
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If the net force acting on a stationary object is zero, then the object
will
a. | accelerate in the direction of the strongest force. | b. | remain at
rest. | c. | begin moving backwards. | d. | decelerate at a steady rate of
speed. |
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62.
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A force is continuously applied to an object, causing it to accelerate. After a
period of time, however, the object stops accelerating. What conclusions can be drawn?
a. | The mass of the object has increased. | b. | Gravity on the object has
increased. | c. | The object is experiencing some kind of friction. | d. | The momentum of the
object has reached a maximum. |
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63.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. | Frictional forces are greatest when both surfaces are rough. | b. | When a truck is
parked on a hill, friction is the force that is trying to pull the truck down the
hill. | c. | Air resistance is the opposite force from friction. | d. | Friction can exist
between two objects even when they are not in contact. |
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64.
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The law that states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted
on by an unbalanced force is
a. | Newton’s first law of motion. | c. | Newton’s third law of
motion. | b. | Newton’s second law of motion. | d. | the law of conservation of
momentum. |
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65.
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Which of the following units is used to measure acceleration in free
fall?
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66.
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Which of the following equations is correct?
a. | w = mg | c. | w ¹ mg | b. | w ³ mg | d. | w » mg |
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67.
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Which of the following processes requires the most work?
a. | A 10 kg weight rests on a table. | b. | A person holds a 1 kg weight still with
outstretched arms. | c. | A person lifts a 1 kg weight 1 m off the
floor. | d. | A 10 kg ball is rolled across the floor at a constant speed for a distance of 10
m. |
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68.
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A machine is a device that
a. | requires less work to do a given task. | b. | decreases the amount of work done by a given
force. | c. | increases energy. | d. | can multiply and change the direction of an
input force. |
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69.
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Which of the following is not in the inclined plane family?
a. | a wedge | c. | a ramp | b. | a screw | d. | a wheel and
axle |
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70.
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Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy?
a. | nuclear energy | c. | potential energy | b. | chemical energy | d. | light energy |
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71.
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Energy from the sun reaches Earth by
a. | conduction and radiation. | c. | conduction and
convection. | b. | radiation only. | d. | conduction only. |
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72.
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Water waves are
a. | longitudinal waves. | c. | mechanical waves. | b. | transverse waves. | d. | compression
waves. |
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73.
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Which type of electromagnetic wave has the greatest wavelength?
a. | visible light | c. | radio waves | b. | microwaves | d. | X rays |
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74.
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A wave x meters long has a speed of y meters per second. The frequency of the
wave is
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75.
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Which property of light is not explained by the wave model of
light?
a. | Light produces interference patterns. | b. | Light is diffracted when it passes through a
narrow opening. | c. | Blue light can knock electrons off a plate but red light cannot. | d. | Light reflects when
it meets a mirror, but it refracts when it passes through a lens. |
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76.
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Which statement about mirrors is incorrect?
a. | Flat mirrors create virtual images. | b. | Concave mirrors can create real or virtual
images. | c. | Curved mirrors distort images by reflecting light according to the law of
reflection. | d. | Only convex mirrors work according to the law of
reflection. |
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77.
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An orange looks orange because it
a. | reflects orange light and absorbs other colors. | b. | absorbs orange light
and reflects other colors. | c. | reflects red and yellow light
only. | d. | absorbs red and yellow light only. |
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78.
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You look at a red tulip, with green leaves, under green light. What would
you see?
a. | a green flower with green leaves | c. | a yellow flower with black
leaves | b. | a black flower with green leaves | d. | a black flower with black
leaves |
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79.
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Which structure within the eye is responsible for the largest percentage of
refraction of light?
a. | retina | c. | lens | b. | cornea | d. | iris |
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80.
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When there is an equal amount of positive and negative charges on an object, the
object is
a. | positively charged. | c. | neutral. | b. | negatively charged. | d. | supercharged. |
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81.
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Which of the following is not a type of electric cell?
a. | electrochemical | c. | mechanical | b. | thermoelectric | d. | photoelectric |
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82.
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What is the potential difference across a resistor that dissipates 5.00 W of
power and has a current of 5.0 A?
a. | 1.0 V | c. | 4.00 V | b. | 125 V | d. | 0.20 V |
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83.
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A resistor has a resistance of 280 W. How much
current is in the resistor if there is a potential difference of 120 V across the resistor?
a. | 160 A | c. | 0.12 A | b. | 0.43 A | d. | 2.3 A |
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84.
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Which of the following shows how conductors, insulators, superconductors, and
semiconductors rank in order of least resistance to most resistance?
a. | superconductors, conductors, semiconductors, insulators | b. | semiconductors,
superconductors, conductors, insulators | c. | insulators, conductors, semiconductors,
superconductors | d. | none of the above |
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85.
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A color television draws about 2.5 A when it is connected to a 120 V outlet.
Assuming electrical energy costs $0.060 per kW·h, what is the cost of
running the television for exactly 8 hours?
a. | $1.44 | c. | $0.14 | b. | $0.03 | d. | $0.30 |
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86.
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A microwave draws 5.0 A when it is connected to a 120 V outlet. If electrical
energy cost $0.090/kW·h, what is the cost of running the microwave
for exactly 6 hours?
a. | $2.70 | c. | $0.72 | b. | $1.60 | d. | $0.32 |
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87.
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Which of the following contains a commutator?
a. | galvanometer | c. | electric motor | b. | transformer | d. | electromagnet |
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88.
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Light travels as
a. | electrical waves. | c. | electromagnetic waves. | b. | magnetic
waves. | d. | electrochemical
waves. |
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89.
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An analog signal
a. | never varies. | c. | only shows a single reading. | b. | varies continuously
within a range. | d. | uses a
single flashing light. |
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90.
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Microwaves are used for sending telecommunication signals in
a. | fiber-optic networks. | c. | underground cables. | b. | wire-cable networks. | d. | atmospheric
transmission. |
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91.
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In 1989, the Web was
a. | used exclusively by the U.S. Defense Department. | b. | as widely available
as it is today. | c. | used mostly as a resource for scientific information. | d. | nonexistent. |
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92.
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A light-year is
a. | a unit of time. | c. | a unit of mass. | b. | a unit of distance. | d. | a unit of
density. |
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93.
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In stars, energy is produced primarily as hydrogen atoms are combined to
form
a. | helium atoms. | c. | oxygen atoms. | b. | carbon atoms. | d. | nitrogen atoms. |
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94.
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A star is born when
a. | gas and dust collapse inward. | c. | the fusion of hydrogen slows
down. | b. | nuclear fusion starts in the core. | d. | the core becomes carbon and
oxygen. |
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95.
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A convergent boundary occurs where two plates
a. | move toward each other. | c. | move past each
other. | b. | move away from each other. | d. | move over each other. |
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96.
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Carbonic acid dissolved in water is a
a. | physical weathering agent. | c. | biological weathering
agent. | b. | chemical weathering agent. | d. | mechanical weathering agent. |
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97.
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Underground limestone caves form
a. | from cooling and solidification of magma below the surface. | b. | from the compacting
and cementing of weathered rock fragments. | c. | oxidation decomposes the minerals in the
rock. | d. | when the calcite is dissolved by carbonic acid in
rainwater. |
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98.
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The region where electrically charged ions are formed as a result of the
absorption of solar energy is called the
a. | troposphere. | c. | ionosphere. | b. | lithosphere. | d. | exosphere. |
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99.
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As temperature increases, the possible total humidity
a. | increases. | c. | increases and then decreases. | b. | decreases. | d. | remains the same. |
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100.
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A cloud type that usually produces precipitation is a(n)
a. | cirrostratus. | c. | altocumulus. | b. | altostratus. | d. | nimbostratus. |
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101.
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Air becomes wind as it flows from
a. | low pressure to low pressure. | c. | low pressure to high
pressure. | b. | high pressure to high pressure. | d. | high pressure to low
pressure. |
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102.
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The leading edge of a cold air mass that overtakes a region formerly occupied by
a warm air mass is called a
a. | warm front. | c. | stationary front. | b. | cold front. | d. | occluded front. |
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103.
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High winds and strong thunderstorms are characteristic of an approaching
strong
a. | warm front. | c. | stationary front. | b. | cold front. | d. | occluded front. |
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104.
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A forest destroyed by a fire will gradually become a complex ecosystem with a
wide variety of plants and animals in a process called
a. | regeneration. | c. | succession. | b. | evolution. | d. | development. |
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105.
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Which of the following is not a benefit of building a dam?
a. | flood control | c. | generating hydroelectric power | b. | irrigation | d. | increased need for fertilizers |
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106.
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The percent of the world’s energy sources that are fossil fuels is
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107.
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Which of the following statements about wind energy is not true?
a. | Wind energy is a nonrenewable energy resource. | b. | Wind energy is used
to sail ships. | c. | Wind energy is not reliable. | d. | Windmills are currently being used to provide
energy. |
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108.
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Fossil fuels come from
a. | living plants and animals. | c. | soil. | b. | atomic
reactions. | d. | remains of dead
organisms. |
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109.
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Which of the following equations describes the reaction for burning
methane?
a. | 2 CH4 ® C2H6 +
H2 | c. | C + 2H2 ®
CH4 | b. | CH4 + 2O2 ® CO2 +
2H2O | d. | 6
CH4 + 6O2 ®
C6H12O6 + 6H2O |
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110.
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A macromolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code is a(n)
____.
a. | nucleic acid | c. | carbohydrate | b. | enzyme | d. | lipid |
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111.
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Which organelle shown in the diagram below provides energy for the cell by
performing aerobic respiration? 
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112.
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Certain seals will swim to warmer waters when ready to ____.
a. | feed | c. | protect the adults | b. | reproduce | d. | become more
social |
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113.
|
The gypsy moth was brought to the United States in 1869 in an attempt to start a
silkworm industry. Escaping soon after, the gypsy moth has become a major tree pest in the forests of
northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
What is the MOST significant conclusion that
can be drawn from the events reported.
a. | Imported species can disrupt a balanced ecosystem. | b. | Gypsy moths produce
silk. | c. | Imported species have difficulty adapting to a new environment. | d. | Gypsy moths are
herbivores. |
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114.
|
Extinction or loss of one species each day on Earth is attributed to
____.
a. | humans | c. | acid rain | b. | wild animals | d. | the greenhouse
effect |
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115.
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Energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll located in the ____.
a. | citric acid cycle | c. | electron transport chain | b. | mitochondria | d. | thylakoid membranes |
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116.
|
How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) result from the respiration
of six sugar molecules?
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117.
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Plants use the Sun’s energy to make glucose through the process of
photosynthesis. The energy stored in glucose is released in the process of ____.
a. | cellular respiration | c. | replication | b. | digestion | d. | transpiration |
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118.
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The source of energy in the water cycle is ____.
a. | carbon dioxide | c. | the sun | b. | plants | d. | oxygen |
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119.
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The second stage of cellular respiration is ____.
a. | the citric acid cycle | c. | the electron transport chain | b. | glycolysis | d. | CO2 formation |
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120.
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The electron transport chain is extremely efficient, producing ____ ATP
molecules.
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121.
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Which base is the complementary strand of the base shown below?  a. | adenine | c. | cytosine | b. | guanine | d. | uracil |
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122.
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In a certain type of corn plant, the gene for smooth seeds is a dominant trait
(S), while the gene for wrinkled seeds is recessive (s). Based on the Punnett square below, what
kinds of seeds will the offspring of these two corn plants have?  a. | 100% will be smooth. | b. | 50% will be smooth, and 50% will be
wrinkled. | c. | 75% will be smooth, and 25% will be wrinkled. | d. | 25% will be smooth,
and 75% will be wrinkled. |
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123.
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Which of the following classes of animals includes females that develop a
hollow, muscular organ called a uterus?
a. | amphibians | c. | mammals | b. | invertebrates | d. | reptiles |
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124.
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One kind of evidence that life existed in the past is a ____.
a. | mutation | c. | variation | b. | fossil | d. | selection |
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125.
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The theory that whales evolved from ancestors that had legs is most likely based
on information gathered from ____.
a. | embryology research | c. | the fossil record | b. | population studies | d. | DNA analysis |
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