True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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A pulley system always causes the direction of the output force to be opposite
to the direction of the input force.
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2.
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A second-class lever always has an input force that is less than the output
force.
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3.
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Increasing the angle a ramp makes with the horizontal decreases the mechanical
advantage.
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4.
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The flow of charged particles through a conductor is a form of energy called
electricity.
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5.
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A meteorologist trying to predict global warming would consider Earth to be a
closed system.
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6.
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A ball falling under the force of gravity is a closed system.
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7.
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As the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume
increases.
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8.
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On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at –32ºF.
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9.
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Heating by convection can occur through solids, liquids, or gases.
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10.
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Cool objects don't emit any radiation.
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11.
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Radiation is the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a
vacuum.
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12.
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Some substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than
other substances.
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13.
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It takes more energy as heat to raise the temperature of water by one degree
than to raise the temperature of steam by the same amount.
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14.
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The heat exchanger of a heating system uses only convection to transfer energy
as heat.
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15.
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Some of the energy generated as heat by a heating system is always
wasted.
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16.
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Air is a better insulator than fiberglass batting.
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17.
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The temperature of a volume of gas will change if the pressure of the gas or
volume of the gas changes.
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18.
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When a refrigerant evaporates it adds energy as heat to its surroundings.
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19.
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Light travels faster in glass than it does in a vacuum.
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20.
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As the period of a wave increases, the frequency increases.
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21.
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In water waves, the disturbance consists of fluctuations in the density of
water.
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22.
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According to the Doppler effect, light from a star moving away from Earth will
have a higher frequency than light from a star moving toward Earth.
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23.
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Nonnative plants and animals pose no danger to an ecosystem.
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24.
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A disadvantage of nuclear energy from nuclear fission is that it produces large
amounts of radioactive waste.
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25.
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Pollution can be caused by natural processes.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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26.
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Technology can best be defined as
a. | science that uses computers. | c. | applied
science. | b. | new inventions. | d. | the use of lenses and microscopes. |
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27.
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For a scientific theory to be valid, it must allow you to
a. | perform experiments. | c. | find a new, more complex explanation. | b. | obtain new results
each time. | d. | make
predictions. |
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28.
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Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the
substance
a. | looks. | c. | can be broken down into atoms. | b. | smells. | d. | reacts with other substances. |
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29.
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Grinding quartz crystals down to produce sand is an example of a
a. | change of state. | c. | chemical reaction. | b. | chemical change. | d. | physical
change. |
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30.
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Group 18 noble gases are inert because
a. | they readily form positive ions. | b. | they can have either a positive or a negative
charge. | c. | their outermost energy level is missing one electron. | d. | their outermost
energy level is full. |
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31.
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Gases take up a lot of space because
a. | they have weak chemical bonds. | b. | their molecules have very little attraction for
one another. | c. | they contain very few atoms. | d. | they have a small molar
mass. |
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32.
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What happens in a chemical reaction?
a. | Atoms are destroyed. | c. | Atoms are heated and cooled. | b. | Atoms are
created. | d. | Atoms are
rearranged. |
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33.
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Fragments of molecules that have at least one electron available for bonding are
called
a. | ions. | c. | protons. | b. | orbits. | d. | radicals. |
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34.
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Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
a. | salad dressing | c. | rubbing alcohol | b. | gelatin | d. | orange juice with
pulp |
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35.
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You can make a solute dissolve more quickly in a solvent by
a. | adding more solute. | c. | heating the solvent. | b. | adding ice. | d. | removing some
solvent. |
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36.
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When a solution of an acid reacts with a solution of a base, the pH of the
resulting solution depends on the
a. | amounts of acid and base used. | c. | temperature of the acid and base
used. | b. | concentration of base alone. | d. | concentration of acid
alone. |
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37.
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A disinfectant is a substance that
a. | forms a base. | c. | kills bacteria and viruses. | b. | mixes safely with
vinegar. | d. | forms an
acid. |
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38.
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Which of the following is not a factor in calculating momentum?
a. | mass | c. | acceleration | b. | direction | d. | speed |
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39.
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A force is continuously applied to an object, causing it to accelerate. After a
period of time, however, the object stops accelerating. What conclusions can be drawn?
a. | The mass of the object has increased. | b. | Gravity on the object has
increased. | c. | The object is experiencing some kind of friction. | d. | The momentum of the
object has reached a maximum. |
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40.
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The primary source of the sun's energy is
a. | chemical energy. | c. | nuclear fission. | b. | nuclear fusion. | d. | potential
energy. |
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41.
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A wave with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a speed of 10 m/s has a wavelength
of
a. | 50 m. | c. | 20 m. | b. | 0.5 m. | d. | 0.2 m. |
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42.
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When light rays reflect off a rough surface, they
a. | scatter in many different directions. | b. | converge toward the normal. | c. | diverge away from
the normal. | d. | decrease their speed and change their angle. |
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43.
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If a lamp is measured to have a resistance of 45 W
when it operates at a power of 80.0 W, what is the current in the lamp?
a. | 2.10 A | c. | 0.91 A | b. | 1.3 A | d. | 0.83 A |
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44.
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The most widely accepted model of the formation of the solar system is
the
a. | nebular model. | c. | big bang theory. | b. | heliocentric model. | d. | geologic model. |
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45.
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A convergent boundary occurs where two plates
a. | move toward each other. | c. | move past each
other. | b. | move away from each other. | d. | move over each other. |
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46.
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The magma of shield volcanoes is rich in
a. | nitrogen and oxygen. | c. | silica. | b. | magnesium and iron. | d. | hydrogen. |
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47.
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Igneous rocks that have mineral crystals easily seen with the unaided eye
formed
a. | extrusively. | c. | under water. | b. | intrusively. | d. | through
compaction. |
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48.
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Carbonic acid dissolved in water is a
a. | physical weathering agent. | c. | biological weathering
agent. | b. | chemical weathering agent. | d. | mechanical weathering agent. |
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49.
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On Earth, water exists as
a. | a solid. | c. | a gas. | b. | a liquid. | d. | all of the
above. |
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50.
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Which of the following is not an air pollutant?
a. | carbon monoxide | c. | sulfur dioxide | b. | carbon dioxide | d. | particulate
matter |
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