True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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gene ? a piece of DNA that codes a specific
trait
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2.
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endangered species ? species that are native to and
found only within a limited area
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3.
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poaching ? a piece of DNA that codes a specific
trait
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4.
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ecotourism ? a form of tourist that supports
the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique area
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5.
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germ plasm ? any form of genetic
material
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6.
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exotice species ? a species that is not
native to a particular region
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7.
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threatened species ? a species that has a
declining population and that is likely to becomed endangered if it is not protected
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8.
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biodiversity ? the nimber and variety of
different species in a given area
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9.
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habitat conservation plan ? an important result of
the Earth Summit
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10.
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endemic species ? a species that is not native to a
particular region
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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_____ is a biodegradable material that becomes a pollutant if allowed to
accumulate more rapidly than it can decompose.
a. | Plastic | c. | Newspaper | b. | Mercury | d. | Metal from junk
cars |
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12.
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Compared to developing nations, developed nations have
a. | lower health standards. | c. | greater personal
wealth. | b. | faster-growing populations. | d. | higher health standards. |
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13.
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Listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular
environmental solution is an example of a(n)
a. | cost-benefit analysis. | c. | ecological footprint. | b. | risk
assessment. | d. | market
equilibrium. |
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14.
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The group that does not receive the experimental treatment in an experiment is
the
a. | control group. | c. | data. | b. | experimental group. | d. | variable. |
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15.
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Which of the following is the most geologically active region on the surface of
Earth?
a. | glacial valleys | c. | boundaries between tectonic plates | b. | mountain
peaks | d. | recharge
zones |
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16.
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Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can
use?
a. | bacteria | c. | protists | b. | fungi | d. | animals |
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17.
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Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
a. | roots | c. | leaves | b. | insects | d. | air |
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18.
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Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only
when transformed by bacteria first?
a. | nitrogen | c. | hydrogen | b. | oxygen | d. | carbon dioxide |
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19.
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Which of the following would you expect to see in the emergent layer of a
tropical rain forest?
a. | grasses, insects, and small succulents | b. | eagles, bats, and snakes | c. | lichens, mosses, and
dwarf woody plants | d. | epiphytes, small burrowing mammals, and
burrowing toads |
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20.
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The deforestation of the rain forests may cause climate changes which, in turn,
may affect
a. | acid precipitation. | c. | smog. | b. | flooding. | d. | habitat
destruction. |
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21.
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What causes most coastal pollution in the United States?
a. | overfishing | c. | industrial waste and sewage | b. | temperature
changes | d. | lakes and
ponds |
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22.
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What adaptation prevents phytoplankton from sinking into deep waters?
a. | whiskers | c. | flagella | b. | streamlined body shape | d. | tentacles |
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23.
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Two threats to ocean ecosystems are
a. | nutrient runoff and industrial waste discharges. | b. | overfishing and
entanglement of marine mammals in trawl nets. | c. | sewage and algal blooms. | d. | All of the
above |
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24.
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The density of a population is
a. | the number of individuals born every year. | b. | the proportion of
males and females. | c. | the number of individuals living in
cities. | d. | the number of individuals per unit area. |
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25.
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Which of the following statements explains why the growth of orchids on the high
branches of tropical trees is an example of commensalism?
a. | The orchids draw nourishment from the trees. | b. | The trees are
neither benefited nor harmed. | c. | The orchids keep parasites
away. | d. | The trees receive nutrients from the orchids. |
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26.
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A population pyramid is created by
a. | studying a group of people and noting when each member dies. | b. | graphing the
distribution of ages in a population at a specific time. | c. | calculating the
number of children a woman gives birth to in her lifetime. | d. | estimating the
demand for services within a community. |
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27.
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Which of the following statements about the California condor is correct?
a. | The California condor has made a dramatic comeback and has been removed from the
endangered species list. | b. | The California condor is the subject of a
captive-breeding program. | c. | Several hundred breeding pairs of California
condors have been released into the wild. | d. | All of the
above |
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28.
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An effective approach to preventing future shortages of usable water should
focus on
a. | emphasizing the additive effect of individual attempts to conserve
water. | b. | reducing the pollution of existing water sources by education and
enforcement. | c. | developing and refining new ways to produce fresh water such as
desalination. | d. | All of the above |
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29.
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Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because
a. | their chlorine atoms can destroy many stratospheric ozone
molecules. | b. | they are poisonous, flammable, and corrosive to metals. | c. | their absorption of
lethal solar energy protects Earth. | d. | they readily break down ozone molecules
produced as pollution. |
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30.
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Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global
temperature?
a. | rising sea level | b. | increased polar ice mass | c. | increased frequency
of major storms | d. | increased frequency of major droughts |
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31.
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A nuclear reactor is
a. | powered by a combustion chamber in which uranium is burned. | b. | surrounded by a
thick pressure vessel that is filled with a cooling fluid. | c. | superheated by water
until the control rods are set into motion. | d. | constructed from thick aluminum walls that can
control the nuclear reactions. |
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32.
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In a nuclear power plant,
a. | three pipe circuits pump water through the reactor, turbine, and cooling
tower. | b. | solid uranium pellets are bombarded with steam in the control
rods. | c. | nuclear fusion superheats water in the reactor, causing steam to power the
turbine. | d. | solid neutron pellets undergo a chain reaction and release massive amounts of
heat. |
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33.
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Which of the following is an example of cogeneration?
a. | driving a fuel-efficient car | b. | using the waste heat from a furnace to power a
steam turbine | c. | using ocean thermal energy conversion to run a turbine | d. | using tidal power to
generate electricity |
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34.
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One disadvantage of wind energy is that
a. | wind turbines are not cost-effective. | b. | large amounts of farmland are needed for the
turbines. | c. | the difficulty of transporting the energy from its source to where it is
needed. | d. | wind turbines generate only a small amount of energy. |
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35.
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Which items make up the largest percentage of waste produced by households and
businesses?
a. | aluminum cans | b. | plastic bottles and
packaging | c. | paper products | d. | yard waste, such as grass clippings and tree
limbs |
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36.
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Which of the following is not considered hazardous waste?
a. | dead batteries such as those used in flashlights and radios | b. | rotting meat and
other food waste | c. | metals such as lead and mercury | d. | Both (a) and
(c) |
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37.
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The methane found in landfills is a gas that
a. | is produced when wastes react with oxygen. | b. | must be pumped to
the surface in leachate pipes. | c. | is a major contaminant of groundwater
supplies. | d. | may be captured and used to produce energy. |
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38.
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Toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of
a. | substances on organisms. | c. | pollutants on the
environment. | b. | viruses on organisms. | d. | antibiotics on viruses. |
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39.
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Naturally occurring pollutants can become hazardous to health when they
are
a. | introduced into food. | c. | above normal levels. | b. | introduced into water. | d. | used by
industry. |
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40.
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Which of the following pollutants are added to air by burning fuels for
vehicles?
a. | carbon monoxide and many kinds of particulates | b. | organophosphates and
many kinds of particulates | c. | carbon monoxide and
organophosphates | d. | radon and heavy metals |
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