Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
of the following is a true statement about surface water? a. | All large cities
use surface water as a water source. | b. | Drought conditions reduce the amount of surface water
worldwide. | c. | Sluggish waters make natural lakes poor water
sources. | d. | It makes up less than 1 percent of all water on
Earth. | | |
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2.
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Most
of Earth’s fresh water is a. | suspended in atmospheric cloud
formations. | b. | held in reservoirs behind large
dams. | c. | solidified at the North and South
Poles. | d. | stored in large underground rock
structures. | | |
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3.
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Earth’s surface water is found in a. | lakes. | c. | streams. | b. | rivers. | d. | All of the above | | | | |
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4.
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What
is the relationship between groundwater and surface water? a. | Surface water
percolates through the soil to form groundwater. | b. | There is no
relationship between surface and groundwater; they form independently. | c. | Groundwater
filters through the soil to form surface water. | d. | Surface water is
found in lakes directly above underground water sources. | | |
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5.
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What
is the purpose of adding chlorine to water during the water treatment process? a. | to filter and
remove large debris | b. | to form flocs that bacteria and other impurities will
cling to | c. | to kill bacteria that have accumulated, as well as
prevent future bacterial growth | d. | to remove unwanted gases | | |
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6.
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How
is fresh water used in industry? a. | in manufacturing
processes | c. | to generate
power | b. | in the disposal of waste
products | d. | All of the
above | | | | |
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7.
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Many
areas of the world without adequate fresh water have become habitable because a. | rainfall
patterns have changed. | b. | water management projects have diverted water to the
area. | c. | icebergs have been towed in to provide fresh
water. | d. | water conservation has been
implemented. | | |
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8.
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Which
of the following is one way a person could conserve water? a. | take a long bath
instead of a shower | b. | wash laundry in small, partial
loads | c. | use a low-flow showerhead and take short
showers | d. | water your lawn daily and at
mid-day | | |
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9.
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Which
of the following represents nonpoint-source pollution? a. | unlined
landfill | b. | polluted wastewater from a chemical
plant | c. | leaking oil tanker | d. | runoff from
agricultural feedlots | | |
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10.
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Parasitic worms would be classified as which type of water pollutant? a. | pathogen | c. | inorganic
chemicals | b. | organic matter | d. | heavy metals | | | | |
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11.
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Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean because a. | groundwater is
deep in the ground and dispersed through large areas of rock. | b. | pollutants cling
to the materials that make up the aquifer and contaminate the clean water. | c. | the recycling
process of groundwater can take hundreds or thousands of years. | d. | All of the
above | | |
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12.
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Most
of the pollutants in the ocean come from a. | commercial boats and personal
watercraft. | b. | spills from oil tankers. | c. | activities on
land. | d. | leaking underground storage
facilities. | | |
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13.
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The
1990 Oil Pollution Act requires that all a. | underground storage facilities be constructed of
composite materials. | b. | tankers in U.S. waterways be double hulled by the year
2015. | c. | oil used in the U.S. is
recycled. | d. | leaking underground storage facilities be repaired in
90 days. | | |
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14.
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The
largest watershed in the United States is the a. | Mississippi River. | c. | Colorado River. | b. | Yukon
River. | d. | Rio
Grande. | | | | |
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15.
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When
neighborhood residents noticed a large number of dead fish in a local creek, they traced the problem
to a nearby gas station. It turned out that a tank of gasoline had developed a leak. This is an
example of a. | point-source
pollution. | c. | thermal
pollution. | b. | nonpoint-source
pollution. | d. | groundwater
pollution. | | | | |
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16.
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Most
large cities get water for households and industries from a. | deep
wells. | c. | pumps connected
to springs. | b. | rivers and lakes. | d. | removing salt from sea
water. | | | | |
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17.
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What
is an inexpensive solution to providing everyone with more fresh water to use? a. | desalination | c. | water
conservation | b. | drilling more wells into
aquifers | d. | building more
dams | | | | |
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18.
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Some
communities have banned detergents containing high levels of phosphates because a. | phosphates cause
chemical reactions that raise the temperature of river and lake water, disrupting
ecosystems. | b. | phosphates are not efficient
cleansers. | c. | excessive phosphates in lakes may begin a process that
causes fish to suffocate and die. | d. | phosphates kill algae and disrupt normal food webs in
lakes. | | |
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19.
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Which
of the following might occur as a result of plastic trash accumulating in the ocean? a. | Turtles mistake
clear plastic bags for jellyfish, ingest them, and die of intestinal
blockage. | b. | Sea birds are strangled by plastic six-pack
rings. | c. | Sea mammals, such as seals, become tangled in clear
plastic fishing lines and drown. | d. | All of the above | | |
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20.
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Which
of the following is most likely to cause conflict between two countries that share a
river? a. | The
“upstream” country drills a large number of new water wells. | b. | The
“upstream” country builds a series of new dams. | c. | The
“downstream” country uses an increasing amount of water for
irrigation. | d. | New industries dump pollutants into the river near the
delta where the river empties into the ocean. | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following is not a true statement about the social and environmental impact of
dams? a. | Dams are built
to resolve disputes between neighboring countries. | b. | Environmental
concern is one reason for their decreased construction. | c. | Dams allow a
river’s natural power to be converted into useful energy. | d. | Land behind the
dam undergoes change because of the change in the flow of the river. | | |
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22.
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A
true statement about aquifers is that a. | their water levels remain stable because they recharge
so rapidly. | b. | they are hard to purify because the water collects in
sand and rocks. | c. | they are formed by underground rivers and leakage from
deep lakes. | d. | their water does not circulate in the water cycle
because it cannot evaporate under the ground. | | |
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23.
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An
effective approach to preventing future shortages of usable water should focus on a. | emphasizing the
additive effect of individual attempts to conserve water. | b. | reducing the
pollution of existing water sources by education and enforcement. | c. | developing and
refining new ways to produce fresh water such as desalination. | d. | All of the
above | | |
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24.
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The
effects of water pollution on ecosystems a. | are always immediate and highly
lethal. | b. | result mostly from point-source pollution
sources. | c. | can magnify over time within food
chains. | d. | can be demonstrated by natural
eutrophication. | | |
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25.
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A
common feature of thermal pollution and artificial eutrophication is that they both a. | have sources
that are difficult to identify and control. | b. | cause large mats
of algae to bloom in fresh water. | c. | are a result of power plants and other industrial
activity. | d. | decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in
water. | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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26.
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Water
that is found in lakes, rivers, and streams is called _________________________.
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27.
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A
large area of land that is drained by a river is known as a(n) ____________________.
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28.
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An
artificial lake created by building a dam is called a(n) ____________________.
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29.
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A(n)
____________________ is an underground rock formation that holds water.
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30.
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An
area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater is known as a(n)
_________________________.
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31.
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A
process that removes the salt from salt water to make fresh water is called
____________________.
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32.
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Water
pollution that washes into storm sewers from many places, such as parking lots and lawns, is known as
______________________________.
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33.
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Disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasitic worms that can contaminate a water
supply are known as ____________________.
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34.
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An
accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain is called
_________________________.
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35.
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A
process by which nutrients increase in a lake while oxygen levels decrease as a result of human
activity is known as ______________________________.
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36.
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The
_________________________ is the continuous movement of water between Earth and its
atmosphere.
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37.
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The
amount of space between the particles that make up a rock determines a rock’s
_____________________.
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38.
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The
ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it is called
____________________.
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39.
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The
____________________ aquifer supplies about one-third of all the groundwater used in the United
States.
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40.
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A
hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater is called a(n) ____________________.
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41.
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Fresh
water is used for irrigation in ____________________ worldwide.
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42.
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The
highest percentage of industrial water use occurs in Europe and
_________________________.
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43.
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Water
that is safe to drink is referred to as ____________________.
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44.
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A
method of providing plants with water from sources other than precipitation is known as
____________________.
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45.
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A
____________________ is a structure built across a river to control the river’s
flow.
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46.
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A
landscaping method that involves designing a landscape that uses minimal water is known as
____________________.
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47.
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The
introduction of chemical, physical, or biological agents into water that degrade the water quality is
known as _________________________.
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48.
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Pollution discharged from a single source is called _________________________
pollution.
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49.
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Water
that contains waste from homes and industry is called ____________________.
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50.
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Fertilizer from farms, lawns, and gardens is the largest source of nutrients that
cause ______________________________.
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